tdm |
| an R package for therapeutic drug monitoring |
| Algorithms: The core of tdm used to estimate individual PK parameters is based on OpenBugs (an Open-source BUGS, Bayesian Inference Using Gibbs Sampler with Markov Chain Monte Carlo Integration). |
| Features: |
1. |
17 drugs models including 16 PK models and one PK/PD model (warfarin): including aminoglycoside, carbamazepine, cyclosporine, digoxin, enfuvirtide, everolimus, indinavir, lithium salt form, phenytoin, ritonavir, tacrolimus, theophylline salt form, vancomycin, Imatinib, enoxaparin, and warfarin |
2. |
using an MCMC Bayesian method |
3. |
function of dose adjustment |
4. |
freeware under GPL |
5. |
diagnostic plots such as density, auto-correction and history plots |
6. |
only Windows NT/XP platform because BRugs only run under Windows OS |
| Graphical PK models of tdm: | ||
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| Figure 1 - Graphical Model Used to Estimate multiple Subjects' PK parameters of Vancomycin with Each Single Serum Concentration | Figure 2 - Graphical Model Used to Estimate Multiple Subjects' PK parameters of Vancomycin with Multiple Concentrations | |
| Comparing Characteristics of tdm with Other Desktop-type Clinical Pharmacokinetic Software1 |
Program |
Version reviewed |
No. of drugs supported |
Bayesian model |
Platform supported |
Price |
N/A 2 |
5 3 |
Yes |
MS-Win |
$100 4 $200 5 |
|
N/A 6 |
2 7 |
Yes |
MS-Win |
$100 5 $250 8 |
|
N/A 9 |
23 |
Yes |
MS-Win |
$25 10 $20 11 |
|
5.0.14 |
8 |
No |
MS-Win |
$740 |
|
N/A12 |
8 |
Yes |
MS-Win |
$700 |
|
5.0.0 |
7 |
Yes |
MS-Win |
N/A 13 |
|
1.2.5 |
2 |
No |
MS-Win |
$100 |
|
6.5.1 |
9 |
Yes |
MS-Win |
$1200 14 $600 15 |
|
11.7 |
11 |
Yes |
DOS |
$595 16 $895 17 |
|
3.0 |
15 18 |
Yes |
MS-Win/ Mac OS X/ Linux |
Free |
|
1.2.1 |
17 |
Yes |
MS-Win |
Free |
| 1. Surveyed before Feb., 2007; 2. The version number of Kinetics is not available at Kinetics website; 3. Not including a database of over 100 drugs based on Bennett's tables or a one-compartment model of renal excreted drugs; 4. Personal use license for Windows; 5. Single seat license for Windows; 6. The version number of Kinetics is not available at APK website; 7. Not including one-compartment modeling of renal excreted drugs; 8. Site (network) license for Windows; 9. The version number of Kinetics is not available at Antibiotic Kinetics website; 10. For a single license; 11. Per seat if multiple licenses purchased; 12. The version number is not available at CAPCIL website; 13. The price of kinetidex is not available at Kinetidex website; 14. The price of T.D.M.S. for new Subscribers (includes 1 year of free updates); 15. The price of T.D.M.S. for Annual License Renewal; 16. Academic license; 17. Commercial license; 18. Only numbers of built-in models. |
| Comparing Built-in Drugs in tdm and Other Desktop-type Clinical Pharmacokinetic Software1 |
Drug |
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Amikacin |
ˇ |
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ˇ |
ˇ |
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Carbamazepine |
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Cyclosporin |
ˇ |
ˇ |
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Digoxin |
ˇ |
ˇ |
ˇ |
ˇ |
ˇ |
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ˇ |
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Digoxin +
Quinidine |
ˇ |
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Digitoxin
|
ˇ |
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Enfuvirtide
|
ˇ |
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Everolimus
|
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Gentamicin
|
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Heparin
|
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Indinavir
|
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Lidocaine
|
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Lithium
|
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Netilmicin
|
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Phenobarbital
|
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Phenytoin
|
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Quinidine
|
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Ritonavir
|
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Tacrolimus
|
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Theophylline
|
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Tobramycin
|
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Trimethoprim
|
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Vancomycin
|
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Valproic acid
|
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Warfarin |
ˇ |
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| 1. Surveyed before Feb.28,2007; 2. Not including a database of over 100 drugs |